In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton’s Clockwork Universe

In Search of the Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton’s Clockwork Universe
In Search of Planet Vulcan: The Ghost in Newton’s Clockwork UniverseBy Richard Baum and William Sheehan.
Plenum Publishing Corporation, New York, 1997 Click to Buy this Book!

 

On the back flap of the jacket cover, the publisher summarizes this book as one that “will hold you spellbound from beginning to end. An irresistible tale of human eccentricity … destined to become a classic.” Authors Richard Baum, former Vice President of the British Astronomical Association, and Dr. William Sheehan, an amateur astronomer and a psychiatrist by profession, present a highly readable history of astronomy regarding the search for additional planets in the solar system, a search that intensified after William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781. Attempts to explain observations of Uranus’ “wayward movements” led, through applications of Newton’s laws or “celestial mechanics,” to the sensational discovery of a second new outer planet, later named Neptune. Neptune was discovered in 1846 by the great French mathematician and astronomer Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (1811–1877), not from observations, but from calculations alone. The new planet was then observed in the exact position of Le Verrier’s calculations by Johann Gottfried Galle and his assistant on September 23, 1846.

The title of the book, the cover art, the photograph of the statue of U.J.J. Le Verrier across from the title page, the emphasis on the name Vulcan, and the publisher’s comments, above, are all somewhat slanted towards the entertainment value of the book (Richard Baum was involved in the Vulcan episode of the television documentary series Arthur C. Clarke’s Mysterious World). The authors, however, do offer clear, informative history, helpful clarifications of astronomical theory and calculus, interesting biographies, and many humorous touches, all leading up to and including the quest for an intra-mercurial planet to explain the “anomalous advance of the perihelion of Mercury.” Searches for trans-Neptunian planets (e.g., the discovery of Pluto) are also described, from the time of Herschel up until the late 20th century. From the Epilogue: “Compared to the substantial gas giants sunwards of it, Pluto is a mere planetary soufflé, a creampuff planet … although it might be argued that Pluto does have a small moon — Charon, discovered only in 1978 — and an atmosphere.” More »

Ravelstein

Ravelstein by Saul Bellow
Ravelstein by Saul Bellow by Saul Bellow
Published by Penguin Books; First Printing edition (April 26, 2001) Click to Buy this Book!

 

I don’t think that “Ravelstein” is really about Ravelstein — whoever he’s supposed to be in real life, some say Alan Bloom, but this doesn’t interest me much. The real antagonist of “Ravelstein” is Chick, Ravelstein’s reluctant biographer. And Chick can’t be anyone but Bellow himself, or who Bellow would like to think he is or would like us to think he is, for the disguise is transparent.

Chick is old, a well-known writer of fiction, recently survived a serious illness by the skin of his teeth, married to a much younger woman, and Ravelstein’s best friend, perhaps his only friend, Jewish. And his writing style is suspiciously identical to Bellow’s. Sound familiar?

Now that we have established that the book is more about Chick than Ravelstein, we have no choice but to continue in that direction. What about Chick. What’s his issue? No question there. The issue is death – and what, if anything, happens afterwards. And why not? Bellow is 85 and that’s pretty near the end, even if he, as Chick, miraculously escaped death from fish poisoning. (One could look for symbolism in that, but I’ll abstain.) Trust Bellow to go for the jugular, try to get to the bottom things, even though he knows he can’t. At least he asks the questions that concern us all.

One of the things that I like most about Bellow’s writing is that he attacks these questions with ironical humor. In “Ravelstein,” Chick’s ex-wife (Bellow is not kind to ex-wives) tries to get him to be frozen for a hundred years and thawed out when a cure for his illness is known, but he suspects her of selfish ends and refuses. I can’t find the place or I’d quote it for you, but the book is worth reading for this hilarious episode alone. More »

Rising Fire: Volcanoes and Our Inner Lives

Rising Fire: Volcanoes and Our Inner Lives by John Calderazzo
Rising Fire: Volcanoes and Our Inner Lives by John CalderazzoBy John Calderazzo.
Published by The Lyons Press, Guilford, CT, 2004.
The painting on the jacket cover, by Joseph Wright of Derby, c.1774-76, is titled An Eruption of Vesuvius, seen from Portici. Click to Buy this Book!

 

A teacher of creative writing at Colorado State University, John Calderazzo completed an extracurricular project of writing a children’s book about volcanoes that raised questions for him “that deserved a deeper, more complicated consideration appropriate for adults.” He also received a CSU teaching award as the school year was winding down and, an experienced traveler, he decided to visit Sicily’s Mount Etna, that was still erupting (he does not give the year, but this must have been 1993). Rising Fire is primarily an account of his travels to some of the world’s most notorious volcano sites: Mount Etna, Vesuvius, Stromboli, Kilauea, Parícutin, Soufriere Hills (Montserrat), Mount Pelée (Martinique), and Mount Rainier. Mixed in with the largely vernacular travel accounts (“By Monday, I’d had it with conspiracy theories and was badly in the mood for some Scientific Smarts …”) is an abundance of both entertaining and very serious subjects, including local history, quotations from literature, stories and folklore, reminiscences, a treatise on the outer layers and the interior of the earth, ritual sacrifice, and descriptions of volcanic disasters and deaths, e.g., the 1991 deaths of Maurice and Katia Krafft and photographers and reporters in a pyroclastic eruption on Japan’s Unzen. There are also descriptions of such physical sensations as lava moving underground beneath one’s feet at Kilauea, or, three thousand feet up, the sound of the dragon exhaling on Stromboli Island.

The biographical chronology of the author’s experiences is difficult to extract because of his writing style and the profusion of subjects, but it is in the biography and in the many reminiscences that the secondary theme of “Our Inner Lives” emerges. Calderazzo grew up in Brooklyn, New York.  He was “23 or 24” years old (he does not say which) in the summer of 1971, when he “first laid eyes on Shasta” in California. He was then a would-be writer, had recently completed college in Tampa, Florida, and had decided to live on “sunshine and metaphors” for a time in the great American West. In 1983 his father died, and this memory becomes a part of Calderazzo’s profound musings on mortality and death. He perceives in the final breaths of his father “the sound of the earth rising within him, reaching up for him, because he refused to move down on his own.” In 1984 he and his wife, SueEllen Campbell, taught college English in Xian, northern China; in 1985 he was successfully treated for a life-threatening skin lesion; and in 1986 he began teaching at CSU. From the Prologue: “Volcanoes were helping me find solace in the liquid nature of rock, in the impermanent nature of everything, including me.” Calderazzo describes himself as a “dreamer,” but he is clearly searching, like a disciplined scientist, for facts and substantial answers about life and death from geology and volcanology. In the rising fires of volcanoes he becomes increasingly aware of death processes out of which will emerge new life. More »

The Ecotechnic Future: Envisioning a Post-Peak World

The Ecotechnic Future: Envisioning a Post-Peak World
The Ecotechnic Future: Envisioning a Post-Peak Worldby John Michael Greer
New Society Publishers, First Edition,  October 1, 2009.  Click to Buy this book!

To understand the need for such a book as The Ecotechnic Future an understanding of the concept of resource depletion is required, especially the concept of Peak Oil. This idea states that the amount of fossil fuels on the planet will reach a peak after which there will be a steady, irreplaceable decline in available, cheap energy. This has been addressed by many authors, dating back to the 1970s when M. King Hubbert first explained how the production of petroleum from a well typically follows a bell-shaped curve and extrapolated this idea to the planet as a whole. It is neither the author’s intention nor mine to go into the details of this concept here. There are many books available on the subject, including Matthew Simmon’s Twilight in the Desert, James Howard Kunstler’s Long Emergency, Richard Heinberg’s Peak Everything, and Dimitri Orlav’s Reinventing Collapse, just to name a few.

Drastically reduced resource availability has crushing ramifications for a world in which there has been an absolute population explosion in the centuries since cheap energy became available. The author argues that the abundant availability of fossil fuels has in large part enabled this growth. If we now have this stimulus taken from us, it seems obvious that it must lead to a drastic reduction in population, with the attendant social unrest, large migrations of people attempting to find sustainable living conditions, etc. If one accepts that resource depletion is a fact for the future world and that indeed a decline in civilization is imminent, then one naturally asks oneself: How can I plan for the future? This is the question that this book largely tries to answer.

The book is broken down into three parts. The first part, Orientations, discusses the history of resource depletion generally and how this has affected other civilizations in the past. The author then attempts to roughly predict, based on this historical evidence, what phases of decline we can expect. He foresees an end of our Age of Affluence followed by three subsequent stages: An Age of Scarcity Industrialism, followed by an Age of Salvage and finally the coming of the Ecotechnic Age. More »

Convictions: A Prosecutor’s Battles Against Mafia Killers, Drug Kingpins, and Enron Thieves

Convictions: A Prosecutor’s Battles Against Mafia Killers, Drug Kingpins, and Enron Thieves
Convictions: A  Prosecutor’s Battles Against Mafia Killers, Drug Kingpins, and Enron ThievesBy John Kroger.
Published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, 2008. Click to Buy this book!

 

This absorbing 466-page book by former federal prosecutor John Kroger (Assistant United States Attorney, or AUSA) includes a Prologue, Four Parts with 19 chapters, an Epilogue, Sources, and Acknowledgements. The Parts are titled Rookie, Mafia Prosecutor, The War on Drugs, and Enron: White-Collar Crime. The Prologue, titled “Waiting for a Verdict,” opens the book with a description of the most dramatic moments in the trial of the United States v. Scarpa (Gregory Scarpa, Jr.), as the judge receives a note and informs the court that the jury has reached a verdict. Kroger, still something of a rookie in this his third trial — although an extraordinary rookie — writes of his six-month course of preparation, together with trial partner and veteran mob prosecutor Sung-Hee Suh, during which both worked 18 hours a day, seven days a week. The verdict is not revealed until the third chapter of Part II. As it turns out, both the government and the defense had flawed cases, so the jury decided to give each side a partial victory. Scarpa was convicted on all counts except murder; the jury would not convict a man of murder solely on the basis of cooperator testimony.

The entire first part of the book describes the path of John Kroger’s life (b. 1966) that brought him to the moments of the Scarpa verdict. The book’s back cover praise proves absolutely accurate: “… Probably the frankest discussion ever of the extraordinary ethical dilemmas that go with wielding the government’s crushing power over lives.” — Scott Turow. “Kroger wins here as he did in the courtroom — with simplicity and candor, passion and integrity, and a ferocious, persuasive intelligence.” — Susan Choi. More »

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