Turing’s Vision, The Birth of Computer Science

Turing’s Vision, The Birth of Computer Science

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Turing’s Vision, The Birth of Computer Science, by Chris Bernhardt, was published by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2016, with the first MIT Press paperback edition published in 2017. Chris Bernhardt is a Professor of Mathematics at Fairfield University, a Catholic University in Fairfield, Connecticut.

Alan Mathison Turing (1912-1954), was an English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, cryptanalyst, philosopher, and theoretical biologist. He emerged into public awareness largely as a result of the 2014 American film, The Imitation Game. The film is based on the biography by Andrew Hodges, Alan Turing: The Enigma, although it is highly dramatized.

Chris Bernhardt’s book is about Turing’s great contribution to theoretical computer science in a paper that Turing wrote in 1936, when he was twenty-four years old. His talents had been recognized and he was then a Fellow at King’s College, Cambridge. The paper is titled On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem (decision problem). “But don’t be discouraged by the title,” writes Bernhardt, “because it contains a wealth of elegant and powerful results. It also contains some remarkably beautiful truths… This book is for the reader who wants to understand these ideas. We start from the beginning and build carefully. The reader doesn’t have to know much mathematics – high school provides enough – but it does require some mathematical aptitude and also a little work … Turing is not saying trivial things about computation, but saying deep and nonintuitive things. That said, many people find these ideas quite fascinating and the work rewarding.”

The book has a Contents section; a helpful Introduction including paragraphs of information about each of its nine Chapters; a section for Further Reading; Notes for each of the Chapters (e.g., how Boolean algebra works); a Bibliography, and an Index. The Contents section lists all of the topics in each chapter. For example, Chapter 1, Background, includes Mathematical Certainty, Boole’s Logic, Mathematical Logic, Securing the Foundations of Mathematics; Hilbert’s Approach (David Hilbert, German mathematician, 1862-1943); Gödel’s Results (Kurt Gödel, Austrian mathematician, 1906-1978); and Turing’s Results.

From Chapter 1: “Gödel had completely destroyed Hilbert’s program as it stood in 1920. Nevertheless, there was still the Entscheidungsproblem.” More »

The Supreme Commander, The War Years of General Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Commander, The War Years of Dwight D. Eisenhower

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The Supreme Commander, The War Years of General Dwight D. Eisenhower, by Stephen E. Ambrose (1936-2002), is a 2012 First Anchor Books Edition. Anchor Books is a division of Random House, Inc. The book, first published in 1969, is divided into two sections: Book One, The First Two Years, and Book Two, Supreme Commander, Allied Expeditionary Force. Four valuable maps from Eisenhower’s 1948 publication, Crusade in Europe, are included. The Supreme Commander has 732 pages that include a Glossary of military codes (e.g., TORCH), Chapter Notes and an Index.

The first book is a biographical and historical account of Eisenhower and his command during the North African and Southern European invasions of 1942-43. In the Epilogue of Book One, the author ponders the mystery of the effectiveness of this great leader:  “… he dominated any gathering of which he was a member. People naturally looked at him. His hands and facial muscles were always active. Through a gesture or a glance, as much as through the tone of his voice or what he was saying, he created a mood that imposed itself on others… Dwight Eisenhower was an intensely alive human being… He had a sharp, orderly mind. No one ever thought to describe him as an intellectual giant, and outside of his professional field he was not well read… When his superiors gave him a problem, they could count on his taking all relevant factors into consideration…” However, according to General Bernard Montgomery “… his real strength lies in his human qualities… He has the power of drawing the hearts of men toward him as a magnet attracts the bits of metal. He merely has to smile at you, and you trust him at once. He is the very incarnation of sincerity.” (From Widipedia: the name Eisenhower is German in origin and means iron hewer.) More »

Travels with My Father: Life, Death, and a Psychic Detective

Travels with My Father: Life, Death, and a Psychic Detective, by Nancy Myer, was published in 2013 by GoodKnight Books, Imprint of Paladin Communications, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

“Life is full of wonderful mysteries that no one understands, one in particular being what happens after death,” writes Nancy Myer (formerly Nancy Czetli) in the Prologue of her book. “I help to locate missing wills – and missing people’s bodies. Sometimes, this incredible help from the other side of death reveals murderers to me. This is how life unfolds for me. Through my job, my experiences, and the many accounts I’ve heard from others of loved ones reaching back across the divide, I have become certain that love survives death.”

An earlier 1993 book by Nancy Myer-Czetli and Steve Czetli, Silent Witness, details her experiences working with law enforcement as a psychic detective. In addition, the program and internet site, Unsolved Mysteries, disclose the fact that she had consulted with the police on more than 300 criminal cases. These and numerous other sources, including YouTube videos, leave little doubt about her psychic abilities. Travels with My Father is a more personal account of her life and the extraordinary, ongoing communications and direct guidance she has received from her father after his death. In the Prologue she writes that this should not come as a surprise to anyone any longer. “If you have experienced incredible visits from the other side, you are not alone. You and I and many others can celebrate this part of life with the joyful awareness that death does not stop love.” 

Her father, Fredric Myer, died unexpectedly of a heart attack at the age of 54. He had been with the U.S. Foreign Service (USAID, founded by John F. Kennedy), and Nancy and her mother and sister travelled extensively with him to Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Afghanistan and Lebanon. Later, her father became head of vocational agriculture for the State of Delaware.

In Chapter Four, regarding her father’s “ghostly visits,” which she experiences initially as coldness, she explains that the visits begin with his voice, “strong and clear right beside me.” Then she sees him as he appeared in life.

“Over there, thoughts are things,” he explains. “Where I am, what you create in your imagination you can make real… I wanted to seem real to you so that you wouldn’t be afraid of me.”

“We’re all linked by our love and the Light of Life,” he later says. “I know it must sound strange to you, but it is very real. I feel different from when I was alive on your plane, because I no longer have a body to deal with. That part of it is freeing. As I explained to you before, thoughts are things, and that concept would not work if I were still in a body. In this form – as light – I can be anywhere that I am needed, sometimes in more than one place at a time, just by thinking about it.”

“So, for you, mind travel is a reality?” she asks.

“What’s hardest to understand – at least I think it is – is that time is not linear. Everything exists together, at once. That mystery will take me a while to fully understand. Being in this light doesn’t automatically mean I know everything. I’m still learning on this plane, too. Sorry, I can’t explain better …” He slowly vanished.

And through the years her father continues with his appearances, teaching, guiding, and warning of imminent dangers. More »

The Blue Sense, Psychic Detectives and Crime

The Blue Sense, Psychic Detectives and Crime, by Arthur Lyons and Marcello Truzzi, was published by The Mysterious Press, Warner Books, in 1991 and 1992.

The Blue Sense has 377 pages of exhaustive research that thoroughly covers the subjects of psychism and psychic crime detection at the end of the twentieth century. It is important to acquire some understanding of the two authors who took on this enormous task.

Arthur Lyons (1946-2008) was a successful crime novelist. His books featured an investigative reporter named Jacob Asch. From a blog site (referenced below), Lyons described Asch: “You’ll never find Asch doing anything unlikely. He will not usually find stuff through coincidence. He’s a plodder. That’s what private detection is, going through papers. All of Asch’s cases come out of paper. He works with paper more than he does people…”

Marcello Truzzi (1935-2003) was a sociology professor at Eastern Michigan University. His work confirms that the science of sociology is an integral component in understanding The Blue Sense. Truzzi had been a founding co-chairman of CSICOP (Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Psychic Claims) but left this organization because positive paranormal research was excluded. When he began his independent work, he started a journal that he called The Zetetic Scholar, with zetetic (related to the ancient Pyrrhonist philosophy) offered as a substitute for the word skeptic. He later established The Center for Scientific Anomalies Research (CSAR), and according to a paragraph preceding the Notes section of The Blue Sense, the CSAR “began its psychic sleuths project in 1980.”    

Perhaps the best answer as to why the authors of The Blue Sense decided to take on the task of determining the value of psychic detection for law enforcement can be found in Chapter One of the book, titled Blue Sense or Nonsense? The first chapter opens with an account of the assistance that psychic Greta Alexander gives to Alton Illinois Detective William Fitzgerald, as a “last-ditch desperation effort” in a frustrating case for which the time allowed by state law for trial was nearing expiration. This case involved the disappearance of a woman in her late twenties who was last seen in the company of her boyfriend. “Alexander, who claims to have received her powers of second sight after being struck by lightning,” was successful, and Detective Fitzgerald cited twenty-two hits Alexander had made concerning the finding of the victim’s body.

Later in the opening chapter, the authors explain the use of the term Blue Sense. “The ‘blue sense,’ named after the common color of police uniforms, is that hunch that sends a cop back to that gas station or alley; that feeling of impending danger … that unknown quantity in the policeman’s decision-making process, the heightened sense of intuition that goes beyond what he can see and hear and smell. Because the blue sense specifically relates to the practical application of this unknown faculty to law enforcement, we have chosen to extend the term to cover all those persons – police or non-police – who use psychic powers to solve crimes.”

Some of the chapters that follow are titled: Psychic Sleuths in History; Science Fact or Science Fiction? The Search for Legitimacy; Lies, Fraud, and Videotape: Lessons from the Pseudo-Psychics; Psychic Success Stories; The Spook Circuit: Psychic Espionage; The Blue Sense and the Law: What Lies Ahead? Two chapters detail the cases of Gerard Croiset (Gerard Croiset: The Scrying Dutchman) and Peter Hurkos (Peter Hurkos: The Clown Prince?) offering substantial evidence that both these psychics were fraudulent, while they did have some “hits” that worked to their advantage. More »

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